试析汉晋神兽镜中的龙虎神兽与“衔巨”图纹

A Study of the Dragon and Tiger Figures with "巨"-shaped Pattern in the Mouth on Divinity and Animal Design Mirrors of the Han-Jin Period

汉末、三国两晋南北朝时期开始流行的神兽镜(包括部分画像镜)图纹中,有一种与西王母、东王公等神像并出,以龙、虎神兽为主要神格,并以神兽口中'衔巨'为特征的主题纹样十分引人注目。这种纹样在后来日本古坟时代的所谓'三角缘神兽镜'中,也甚为流行。由于这种铜镜纹样关系到对当时神话、宗教。

A type of bronze mirror with previously unrecorded decorations has newly appeared among the so far discovered divinity and animal design mirrors prevailing in the Han-Jin period. These articles bear dragon and tiger figures with '巨'-shaped pattern held in the mouth, and have corresponding inscriptions in some cases. The same design was also popular among the 'triangular-rimmed divinity and animal design mirrors' in ancient Japan during the Kofun period. Based on recently revealed archaeological data and related literary records, the present paper researches into the date and region of its prevalence, as well as the cosmological views it reflects. The author believes that this design concerned the then worship of 'Queen Mother of the West' and the cosmic concepts 'four ends of the universe,' 'heavenly dome', etc., which exerted influence over ancient Japan through cultural exchange and diffu-