行为主义政治学的“价值中立论”与西方政府中性化理论评析

A Review and Analysis of “Value-neutral” Theory of Behaviouristic Politics and Neutralized Governmental Theory in the Western Countries

行为主义政治学是二战后在西方世界风行的政治学流派 ,其核心方法论原则便是它的“价值中立”论。政治学研究既不应当绝对地“价值中立” ,也不可能做到完全的“价值中立” ,它应当是价值与事实的统一 ;而且建立在“价值中立”原则基础上的所谓政府中性化理论也是站不住脚的。马克思主义的阶级国家观为我们正确地认识政府的本质提供了重要的方法论。国家的本质是阶级统治 ,而政府作为国家的一种权威性公共管理机构 ,其履行社会职能、实施社会管理 ,从根本上讲还是为统治阶段服务的 ,政府不可能是中性的。

The behaviouristic politics is a school of political science prevailing in the western countries after World War II, whose nuclear principle of methodology is its “Value neutral” theory. Some western scholars devote themselves to developing the neutralized governmental theory based on the “Value neutral” theory. The author of this paper thinks that political research neither should nor could be absolutely “Value neutral”,but should unite facts and values, and the so called the Neutralized Governmental Theory based on the “Value Neutral” theory doesnt hold water too. Marxist class view of the state has provided us with an important methodology by which we can correctly understand the nature of the state, because the nature of the state is the governance by class, and, as an authoritative organization of public management, government performs its functions so as to serve the governing class in essence, thus government cant be neutral.