汉语词汇中的非理复合词——一种特殊的词汇结构类型:既非单纯词又非合成词

The Irregular Compound Words in Chinese Vocabulary ——A Special Lexical Configuration

非理复合词是汉语词汇在历史发展中,一些来源于多个语素却又不能按一般语义结构规则分析的词。它有四个来源:两个不同层次的成分长期相邻使用,形成跨层次凝合词;从一个常用词语中选取部分音素或音节组合成等义的新形式形成缩略词;从一个熟习的词语中略去所要表达的词,让剩余部分表示被略去词的意义,是隐缺词;用不对应成分替换一个词的部分,造成一个与原词整体意义对应的词,产生非理仿词。

The irregular compound words result from the diachronic evolution of Chinese vocabulary that are based on some morphemes but can not be analyzed by structure. There are 4 types of irregular compound words: 1) 2 components that belong to 2 levels of sentence will form a word if they are always used together. 2) Some phones or syllables from an everyday expression form a new shortened synonym. 3) The remaining parts of a familiar group express the meaning of the word that has been omitted from the group. 4) A morpheme of a word is replaced by a non correlative morpheme to form a new word that correlates with the former word.