“热潮”以后的“冷思考”——澄清对马克思晚年“跨越”思想的误解

Clarify Miscomprehension of "Skip" by Marx in His Late Years

20世纪 80年代以来 ,我国学术界对于马克思、恩格斯晚年关于俄国公社有可能“不通过资本主义制度的卡夫丁峡谷”直接过渡到社会主义社会的理论设想展开过热烈的讨论 ,在提出很多有价值的思想的同时 ,也在不少方面误解或误读了马克思、恩格斯的思想。笔者通过对马克思、恩格斯晚年是否提出了在落后国家首先发生并取得无产阶级革命胜利的思想、马克思在“跨越”问题上早年思想和晚年思想是否相互矛盾、马克思与恩格斯是否在“跨越”思想上相互对立以及俄国十月革命和中国革命的胜利是否对马克思、恩格斯“跨越”思想的证实等四个方面的冷静反思 ,得出了与不少学者不同的结论 ,意在澄清对马克思、恩格斯晚年“跨越”思想的误解。

A heated discussion was carried out in the 1980s that feudalism is followed directly by socialism without capitalism. In many respects, Marx and Engels were misread. Did Marx and Engels in their later years put forward the theory that proletariat revolution first took place in backward countries? Did Marx have contradictions in “skip” in his early and late years? Did Marx and Engels have contradictions about this question? Did the victories of Russian October Revolution and Chinese Revolution confirm Marx’s theory? This paper will clarify these questions.