论一种伦理形而上学的可能性

On the Possibility of an Ethical Metaphysics

传统形而上学以本体论为基础,以追求“同一”和“总体”为导向,但这种形而上学严重漠视了他者不可还原的他性,具有一种内在的暴力倾向。莱维纳斯从柏拉图和笛卡尔身上看到了超越存在和内在性的可能性,在现象学的帮助下,通过对他者的“脸”的分析,建立起伦理是第一哲学的原则。这种伦理的形而上学主张他者优先,伦理先于真理,责任重于自由。在德里达的批判下,莱维纳斯后期在语言的向度上重塑伦理形而上学。

Traditional metaphysics is based on ontology and oriented to the Same and the Totality. But this kind of metaphysics ignores the unrecoverable otherness of Other, and shows its inherent violence. Through a study of Plato and Descartes, Levinas sees the possibility of beyond Being and Immanence. By adopting phenomenology, he sets up the principle of ethic as the first philosophy, which maintains the priority of the Other, ethics prior to truth and responsibility prior to freedom. Because of Derrida's criticism, Levinas later rewrites his ethic metaphysics on the level of language.