社会变革、市场经济与公民社会——发展中国家政治发展初始、基础条件比较

Social Change, Market Economy & Civil Society ——Comparison of the Initial and Basic Factors of Political Development Among the Developing Countries

发展中国家之间在政治发展的初始条件和基础条件方面存在着巨大的差异:少数国家经历了社会变革,消灭了传统权势集团,实现了社会的重组,社会变得相对平等。在此基础上,发展市场经济在事实上造就了一个日益壮大的公民社会。同时国家的制度化水平提高。大多数国家则未经历社会变革的冲击,原有的权势集团不仅被保留下来,而且还主导了发展,占有了发展的大部分成果,公民社会却始终受到压制,国家自主能力弱。因而形成大众取向和精英取向两条不同的政治发展道路。

There are large differences in the initial and basic factors of political development among the developing countries. In a few countries, social change had occurred and the traditional groups of power and influence had been eliminated, and the society had been re\|organized and approached relative equality. On the basis of this, the market economy was set up and a strong civil society was brought up in reality. In the meantime, the level of political institutionalization was raised. However, in the vast majority of the developing countries, social change had not taken place, the traditional groups of power and influence had been left intact and dominated development, and owned the greater part of developmental fruit. Thus, the civil society had been always suppressed, the autonomy of the state was weak. That leads to two different paths of political development, which could roughly be labeled as the mass\|oriented and the elite\|oriented political development.