哲学的两种改造—罗蒂与阿佩尔哲学比较

Two Kinds of Transformation of Philosophy A Comparison between the Philosophy of Rorty and Apel

19世纪末、20世纪初西方哲学陷入了困境,"语言学转向"是哲学家们为使哲学走出困境而进行探索的一种产物。罗蒂与阿佩尔都认为这一"转向"不够成功,未能使哲学走出困境。为此他们各自提出了自己的改造方案。罗蒂的后哲学文化强调剥夺哲学的特权,使之融入文化的领域之中,成为一个平等的对话者;阿佩尔的先验语用学则强调哲学应建立在主体间性维度的基础上,仍坚持先验语用学具有奠基的功能,先验语用学把先验哲学、语言分析哲学、解释学和实用主义等有机地结合起来,使之成为第一哲学的第三范式。相对而言,阿佩尔的哲学改造更具有合理性。

The western philosophy was in a difficult position during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The linguistic turn is a result of the study by philosophiers on the outlet of difficult position. Both Rorty ad Apel think that the 'linguistic turn'is not a successful one, because it has not pointed out the way for philosophy to get out of the difficult position. So they put forward respectively the project of the transformation of philosophy. Rorty's theory of culture of postphilosophy places stress on depriving the philosophy of privilege, and let the philosophy merge into the other field of human culture and serves as an equal discoursers. Apel's transcendental pragmatics emphasizes that philosophy should be based on the intersubjectivity, he insists on the function of founding of transcendental pragmatics. The transcendental pragmatics integrates the transcendental philosophy with language analyzing philosophy and hermeneutics and pragmatics. So it becomes the third paradigm of the first philosophy.Compared with Rorty's, Apel's theory is more reasonable and acceptable.