“水文”中的数目字与干支字研究

A Study of Numeral and Calendar Characters in the Shuiwen Written Language

水文是贵州省水族人民用来书写他们的经典“水书”的一种民族古文字。水文对普通文字学研究有着极大的认识价值,这主要是因为它是一种既有本民族自造字又有从汉字借用的字的“拼盘文字”。水文的数目字与干支字既有共同特点,又有各自个性,从对这二者的观察、分析与研究可知:一、水文的自源字早于借源字发生;二、文字的传播往往经历了被改造之路;三、借源文字往往多异体字;四、某些借源文字如水文往往有“自源字”与“借源字”两个系列的文字。

Shuiwen' is an ancient national written language used by the Shuiwen people in Guizhou Province to write their classic, The Book of Shui. Shuiwen has a great cognitive value to general philology. This is mainly because it is a kind of 'assorted - dish written language' which has not only its own characters created by the nation but also some characters borrowed from Chinese characters. Its numeral characters and Heavenly - stem and Earthly - branch characters have some common features as well as their own features. Based on a study of them both, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the self - source characters in Shuiwen emerge earlier than its borrowing characters; the spread of language tends to experience a remolded course; the borrowing characters tend to have variants.