尼采的“上帝之死”与福柯的“人之死”

The Death of God and the Death of Man: A Comparative Study of Nietzsche and Foucault

尼采的“上帝死了,,指的是人要独立于世界,必须否定那个设定了终极价值和意义的上帝;福柯的“人死了”指的是随着语言回归自身,18世纪末、19世纪初出现于西方哲学中的“人”的概念将失去意义。在尼采的“上帝之死”与福柯的“人之死”之间有着血缘关系:“上帝”和“人”都是人的发明,人借此确立了自身的特权地位;在解构了“上帝”和“人’之后,审美成为人生最重要、最本真的事情。

Friedrich Nietzsche's claim that God is dead is a proclamation that the spiritual independence of man entails the complete denial of the preexisted ultimate law as embodied in God while Michel Foucault's claim that man is dead means that the concept of man that was developed in Western philosophy in the 18th and 19th centuries is no longer valid with the return of language to itself. The paper holds that there is an inborn link between Nietzsche and Foucault in that man has created both God and Man so as to establish his own privilege and that after the deconstruction of them two aesthetic experience has come to be the quintessence of human life.