唐五代敦煌的司仓参军、仓曹与仓司——兼论唐五代敦煌地区的仓廪制度

Provisions Management System of Dunhuang District in the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods

唐代设有敦煌郡司仓参军等官员管理官仓粮食的征收发送等事务,沙州豆卢军军仓的管理则由其自身负责;蕃占时期吐蕃在沙州设有仓曹,即仓岸(stsang mngan),它源于吐蕃职官岸本(mngan-dpon),又受到唐朝仓曹参军、司仓参军等职官的影响,stsang即汉文“仓”的吐蕃文拼写,仓曹负责当地官仓、军仓和寺院用粮的征收、发放及核查等工作;归义军设立仓司,长官仍为仓曹,其职能与吐蕃沙州仓曹相似,归义军官仓也同蕃占时期的沙州官仓一样,给寺院布施、发放粮油等物。

The paper is detailed investigation of the state and local provisions management system of the Dunhuang district in the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods. The Tang administration was in direct charge of the provisions acquisition,storing and distribution of Dunhuang while thee local military authorities were responsible for the provisions management in Shazhou; during the Tubo (Tibetan) occupation,the occupying authorities established special agent,called stsang mngan,to manage the state,military,and monastery provisions, and the surrendered military forces of other ethnic groups followed suit to establish similar agents for this purpose.