嘉靖前期监察制度改革述论

Administrative Supervision Reform in Early Jiajing Period

如何更好地发挥监察官的作用,是明朝统治者十分关注的一件大事。嘉靖前期,张璁、汪鋐、王廷相等人在世宗的支持下,先后采取了切实的步骤,对监察队伍进行清理与整顿。他们推行科道互纠之法,严格考汰言官,使其能够相互监督和牵制,以确保监督的严密化和言论的相对客观性。然后在此基础上更新宪纲,规范言官的行为,使其能够忠于职守,进一步完善了监察制度。

The present paper is a comprehensive survey of the reform of the administrative supervision system undertaken during the early Jiajing period (1522-1566) of Ming Dynasty. The reform, as was initiated by ministers ZHANG Cong, WANG Hong, and WANG Ting-xiang, and backed up by Emperor Shizong, resulted in purification and regulation of the supervision personnel of the Ming government, implementation of an strict examination system, and combination of the civil examination and administrative promotion so as to ensure power balance and the objectivity of public opinions. A charter was passed concerning speech specifications, accomplishment of duty and improvement of the supervision system.