从《番汉合时掌中珠》看西夏语有无舌上音

Proofs of the Existence of Tip-tongued Affricates in the Language of Western Xia Nationality from A Pamphlet of the Foreign Land and the Han Nationality

考察西夏文献《番汉合时掌中珠》,夏汉对音和汉夏对音中西夏文几乎没有四品舌上音类字,而《五声切韵》和《同音》中却都列有“四品舌上音”类。这并不是一个完全简单地“直抄”,而有可能是实际语音的反映,也说明 12世纪的汉语舌上音类正处在一个变化时期。西夏语的四品舌上音应该是客观存在的,只是不完全等同于汉语的舌上音。

The ancient document of Western Xia Dynasty——A Pamphlet of the Foreign Land andthe Han Nationality had no description of the 4th category of tip-tongued affricates in the language of Western Xia Nationality, whereas they were listed in both Wu Sheng Qie Yun and Tong Sheng. The similar recordings of the 4th category of tip-tongued affricates in the two books may not be the result of mere copying from one into another but a somewhat reflection of then phonological reality, and an indication that the 4th category of tip-tongued affricates in the language of Han Nationality might be in a changing state in the 12th century. The 4th category of tip-tongued affricates was a linguistic reality of Western Xia Nationality, but was different from that in the language of Han Nationality.