论刘勰的“以子离经”思想——读《文心雕龙·诸子》的体会

On Liu Xie's the Idea of Departing Zi Study away from Jing Study

《文心雕龙·诸子》篇一直不被龙学研究者所重视。刘勰通过对诸子学术的评述,比较系统地表达了他的子学思想,其核心是“以子离经”的思想,表现了他充分认识到子学所独有的学术价值、文学价值。这种思想表现在三个方面:一、他认为子学与经学同样都有悠久的历史,提出了“经子弄流”的论点,这大大超越了《汉书·艺文志》子学乃“六经之支流裔”的观点,从而表达了他抬升、推崇子学的思想;二、刘勰的“以子离经”的思想,表现在他对诸子文学成就精辟而客观的评论上,指出了子学独有的文学性;三、《诸子》篇所谓的“道”的内涵,实是以儒家思想为根本,而兼容其他各家的。这是刘勰从两汉经学思想体系挣脱出来的结果,也是魏晋以来儒家一尊局面逐步被打破的表现。

Zhu Zi (The Great Thinkers before Qin Dynasty)' in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons is always neglected by scholars. In this chapter, Liu Xie introduces and evaluates these great thinkers' thoughts and systematically expresses his ideas assimilated from the great thinkers, the core of which is his idea of 'armed with the great thinkers' thoughts to deviate from the teaching of Confucian Classics'. This shows that he recognizes the full academic and literary values of the great thinkers' ideas. The ideas Liu Xie draws from the great thinkers can be found in the following three aspects: First, he thinks the Confucian Classics and the thoughts of the great thinkers before Qin Dynasty enjoy equally long histories, but they have different origins. Such an idea is more advanced than that expressed in Yi Wen Zhi of Han Shu (History of the Former Han Dynasty), viz. the thoughts of the great thinkers are but 'a branch of the six Confucian Classics', indicating his intention to endear and praise the ideas of the great thinkers. Second, Liu Xie's idea of 'armed with the great thinkers' thoughts to deviate from the teaching of Confucian Classics' is found in the incisive and objective remarks on the great thinkers' literary achievement. He points out that the great thinkers' works have their own literariness. Thirds the so-called Tao in 'Zhu Zi' is based on Confucianism and yet compatible with other schools of thoughts. This idea of Liu Xie's is the consequence of a fact that he breaks loose from shackles of the Confucianism rife in the Former and Later Han Dynasties and the manifest that the dominance of Confucianism had been broken since Wei and Jing Dynasties as well.