论“理性”概念的五大基本范式——文艺美学关键词研究之一

On the Five Basic Forms of the Concept of “Ration”—— A Study of the Key Words of Literary Aesthetics

“理性”是美学、文艺学学科中使用最繁而歧义最大的一个关键词 ,需要加以甄别辨析。理性概念大致有五大基本范式 :一是本体理性 ,指一种本体论意义上的古典理性形态。二是认知理性 ,即人类强调“自己思考”的认识论意义上的近代理性形态。三是工具理性 ,又称科技理性 ,指将工具 (或科技 )视为文化发展和文明进步主要标志的近现代理性形态。四是生命理性 ,也称人文理性 ,指以个体感性的生命存在为基点来探寻人的价值追求人生理想的现代理性形态。五是实践理性 ,主要指的是一种直接贯彻在日常现实的世间生活、伦常感情和政治观念中的中国理性范式。

Ration' is the most used and also most ambiguous key word in aesthetics and literary disciplines, so it needs examining and discriminating. The concept of ration has about five basic forms. The first is subjective ration, referring to a classic form of ration in the sense of ontology. The second is cognitive ration, a modern form of ration in the sense of knowledge emphasizing 'thinking by oneself'. The third is instrumental ration, or sci-tech ration, a modern and contemporary form of ration viewing instruments or sci-tech as the main symbol of cultural development and cultural progress. The fourth is life ration or humanistic ration, a contemporary form of ration exploring man's values and pursuing human ideals on the basis of the existence of individual life. The fifth is practical ration, mainly referring to a Chinese form of ration directly residing in daily practical and worldly life, ethical feelings and political ideas.