南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥食性研究

FEEDING HABIT OF THE SOUTH POLAR SKUA AROUND ZHONGSHAN STATION,EAST ANTARCTICA

对东南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥巢区和无巢贼鸥群栖地的贼鸥回吐渣团及其他食物残物进行收集、分析和鉴定 ,结果表明 ,本区麦氏贼鸥主要捕食雪 ,其残物在食物项中的平均出现率为 6 7～ 80 %;同时贼鸥从本区几个考察站觅取人类遗弃的垃圾食物作为其重要的食物补充 ,垃圾食物的平均出现率为 6 .8～ 1 1 .6 %。不同巢区贼鸥对雪 的捕杀量和垃圾的需求差异较大 ,其主要与营巢地域的雪 分布密度以及摄食区的占有与否有关。

Regurgitated pellets and food remains from south polar skua in the area near Zhongshan Station in East Antarctica, Were collected and examined. The results show that the skuas preying on snow petrel more often than on other small sea birds, the former is the dominant species in local animal community. The average occurrence of snow petrel remains was very high (67-80%) in total food items. Meanwhile, as complemental food resource, also the skuas feed on food refuse from the stations in this area. There is a remarkable quantitative difference of prey birds in different pairs of skua. 6 pairs of skua nesting in (or near) the snow petrel breeding sites with higher density, exploit and defend their feeding territories, and they prey on snow petrel much more than others. Therefore, the snow petrel remains collected from those nests make up 78 percent of the sum total. The others have no feeding territory and they mostly forage for food in preferred feeding areas and the stations.