南设得兰群岛区域的微生物

MICROBES IN THE AREA OF SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS

198 6年 1 2月 - 1 987年 3月对南设得兰群岛海区和麦克斯威尔湾的空气、长城湾远岸表层海水、欺骗岛潮间带表层海水、底质和火山灰的微生物作了考察研究。结果表明 ,两个测区的空气中陆源性微生物的检出率在 90 %以上 ,每立方米空气中一般含几个 CFU。海洋性微生物的检出率在 50 %以上 ,数量较小 ,每立方米空气仅 1个左右的 CFU。麦克斯威尔湾比南设得兰群岛海区的空气微生物数稍高些。测区的空气微生物受岛屿的影响较大。空气微生物数呈现出某种昼夜变化。空气微生物数受气温、相对湿度的影响不大明显。每立方厘米的长城湾远岸表层海水含几百个 CFU的微生物。其数量随水温的逐月降低减少 ,并显示出某种昼夜变化趋势。该湾海水比较洁净。空气中的海洋性微生物与海水中的微生物呈现出某种关系。长城湾海水细菌有1 3属以上。以假单胞菌为常见者。欺骗岛潮间带每立方厘米海水中只有几个 CFU,火山灰中的含菌量达每克数千个 CFU。以上结果基本反映了南设得兰群岛一带空气、海洋和陆上的微生物一般状况 。

Microbial exploration of the air, sediment and seawater in the area of the South Shetland Islands was performed during December, 1986-March,1987. The results obtained show that: for terrigenous microbes over the South Shetland Islands and Maxwell Bay, their detection rates were more than 90%and their amounts were generally a few CFU/m 3 ; for marine microbes, their detection rates were more than 50% and their amount only 1 CFU/m 3 . The amounts of air-borne microbes over the area surveyed presented somewhat diurnal variations, They were influenced to some extent by nearby islands.Air temperature and relative humidity, etc. were factors affecting their quantitative variations. The bacterial amount of the outshore surface water in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica was about n·10 CFU/m 3 (0≤n<10, the same below), the amount of microbes decreased with the monthly decreases of the temperature of seawater and shows some states of diurnal variations. The seawater in the Bay has been fairly clean. Community contained at least thirteen genera, in which Pseudomonas was common. In the intertidal zone of Deception Island, there were only a few CFU of bacteria per cubic meter in seawater; and n·10 CFU/g(w.w) in surface sediment; and n·10 CFU/g(w.w) in the volcano ash. The results reflected the general situation about microbes of air, sea and land in the area of South Shetland Islands. It provides data for further exploration and utilization of microbial resources in the area of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.