杉木种子园深翻施肥的试验研究

THE STUDY OF FERTILIZATION &. DEEP PLOUGHING IN SEED ORCHARD OF CHINESE FIR

本文是近4年试验的系统总结。试验地以福建省官庄林场等无性系、等重复的种子园为试验小区,进行了10个处理、3次重复的随机区组设计。结果表明,在1.5代种子园盛果期的最佳施肥技术是:每株每年施N 69g(尿素0.15kg)、P_2O_s 30g(钙镁磷肥0.3kg)、K_2O 50g(KC1 0.1kg)混合肥的效果最好;施肥时期和次数,除P肥在6月上、中旬1次施外,N、K肥均分两次(另一次在7月底至8月初)施。大小年平均球果重量比CK增加98.7％,投入与产出比值为1:10。只深翻的增产与CK差异不显著,且逐年有下降趋势。施肥未引起母树徒长和土壤酸化,却增加了土壤有效养分,促进了根系吸收和树冠发育,增加了座果率。首次提出的测土施肥模式,可作为种子园合理施肥的依据。

The research progressed between 1988 &. 1990 in clonic seed orchard of Chinese fir in Guanzhuang Tree Farm, Fujian Province. The test ground, including ten treatments &. three times repetition had the same kind of clone (twenty-five kinds). The testing results were as follows: The best fertilization for 1. 5 progeny clonic seed orchard at the age of abound in cones was N 69 8g (ureaO. 15 kg) P2O5 30 g (serpentine-fused phosphate 0. 3 kg and K2O 50 g (KC1 0. 1 kg) every tree each year. The best time of fertilization was N, P and K at the beginning of the June, another time of N and K was between the end of July and the beginning of the August. The average output of cones in both good year and off year increased 98. 7% and the average rate of increase in off year was bigger than that good year. The output increased 19. 9% for just deep ploughing, and the increase rate of output would be decreased gradually year by year. Fertilization didn' t cause trees to grow fast and soil to acidize, but increased nutriens in soil. On the othe hand, fertilization made the mother tree of Chinese fir grow healthfully in roots and crowns, So the absorptivity of roots was enhanced and the premature drops of their cones decreased.