睾丸肿瘤的诊断

Diagnosis of the Testicular Tumor (57 Case Reports )

目的 :提高睾丸肿瘤的诊断水平。 方法 :回顾 1 992年 9月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 2月睾丸肿瘤 57例病人的症状、体征 ,影像学、肿瘤标记物和病理资料。 结果 :1 8例病人 (31 .3 % )延迟就医。术前查甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 1 1例 ,5例阳性。检测绒毛膜促性腺激素亚单位 (β HCG) 6例 ,1例阳性。二维B超及彩色多普勒血流显像超声 (CDFI)的灵敏度分别为 93 .5 % (45/ 4 7)、96 .4 % (2 8/ 2 7)。 55例行根治性睾丸切除术 ,2例行单纯睾丸切除术。后腹膜淋巴结清扫术 1 9例 ,淋巴结阳性 1 1例 ,阴性 8例。石蜡切片 57例 ,精原细胞瘤 2 2例 ,胚胎癌 9例 ,畸胎瘤 7例 ,卵黄囊瘤3例 ,混合性生殖细胞瘤 9例 ,恶性淋巴瘤 4例 ,其他 3例。其中 2 6例行术中冰冻切片 ,2 3例 (88.5 % )与石蜡切片报告符合。 结论 :病人需强化健康意识 ,尽早就医 ;术中常规冰冻切片 ,明确良、恶性肿瘤 ,是提高诊断水平 。

Objective: To improve the diagnosis of the testicular tumor. Methods: Fifty seven cases, including their signs and symptoms, imaging studies, tumor markers and histologic diagnoses, were reviewed. Results: 31.3 % of the patients failed to go to hospital in time. B mode ultrasound and CDFI had sensitivity of 93.5 % and 96.4 % respectively. Compared with final diagnoses, 23 from 26 cases ( 88.5 %) were correctively diagnosed by intraoperative frozen section examination (FSE), which, however, had no definitive influence on the surgical management. Histologic examination showed 22 patients with seminoma, 9 with embryonal carcinoma, 7 with teratoma, 3 with yolk sac tumor, 9 with combined patterns, 4 with lymphoma, and 3 with other histologic types of tumor. Conclusions: For earlier diagnosis, patients' testicular self examination counts for much, and ultrasound and CT should be used before possible histologic examination, while all patients with testicular tumors should have intraoperative FSE, which is very practical in identifying malignant and benign masses, and in choosing between enucleation of the tumor and radical orchiectomy.