温明、秘器与便房考

An Examination on Wenming,Miqi and Bianfang

《汉书》等文献中多次提到温明、秘器和便房的称谓。学界多认为温明就是考古中发现的西汉晚期至东汉早期的漆面罩。其实两汉时期温明的内涵有所不同。秘器就是棺木 ,温明秘器应当是第一秘器 ,唐代中晚期以后不见“温明秘器”的叫法 ,大约和开元礼的出台有关。便房的内涵 ,在两汉时期指的是椁室的总称 ;东汉至魏晋时期演变为用于祭祀的空间 (可能在椁内 ,也可能在椁外 ) ,隋唐时期成为墓道的耳室。

The titles of Wenming,Miqi and Bianfang appeared in ancient documents such as the Chronicles of the Han Dynasty for many times.Most of scholars argue that Wenming refers to the lacquer mask existed from the late Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,although the meaning of Wenming is different in the two dynasties,while Miqi refers to the coffin.Wenming Miqi should be the first Miqi in the Han Dynasties,as the title of Wenming Miqi disappeared since the middle and late Tang Dynasty.Bianfang is the general name of coffin room in the Han Dynasties,with different meanings in the Wei Jin Dynasties and the Sui Tang Dynasties.