后周世宗文明限佛析论

An Analysis and Review of Civilly Restraining Buddhism by Emperor Shizong in late Zhou Dynasty

后周世宗限佛是“三武一宗之厄”中最为温和、文明、理性的一次。其限制整肃措施既严厉又有序、周全、斯文。对无寺院的地方还批给赐额增设寺院。实行“学而优则僧”。建寺赐额、剃僧度牒、出家试经成为限制驾驭佛教的三条羁縻。对和佛道二教有关的愚昧野蛮迷信巫术狂热行仪都予以禁止。既销毁多余的铜佛像 ,又废止官府的铜鱼符以铸钱 ,合理配置铜资源 ,妥善处理停废的寺院。文明限佛的原因在于统治者更富有经验 ,没有鼓动者 ,佛教已基本中国化 ,寺庵僧尼已不太多。

Among the'Four Buddhist Misfortunes',the restricting Buddhism by Emperor Shizong was the mildest and the most rational one.The measures of restricting and rectifying Buddhism were severe,but also orderly,comprehensive and gentle.Even those places without Buddhist tmples were granted quota to build up or increase them.The principle of 'One who studies well could became a monk' was practiced.To build temple needs granting quota,to tonsure monks needs the clerical certificate,to become a monk need to pass the examination of the Buddhist scriptures these become three bridles for restricting and controlling Buddhism.Some witchcrafts,the ignorant,savages,superstitious and fanatical behaviors and rites which were related with Buddhism and Taoism were banned together.The reason for civil restriction of Buddhism is that the rulers were more experienced,there was not an agitator of it,the Buddhism had been Sintitic and there were not many Buddhist temples and monks.