政治领域中的人性——经济人假设评析

The Humanity in the Field of Politics:Evaluation of the Hypothesis of the Economic Man

经济人假设中对理性的理解拓宽了政治学的理性概念 ,为分析人的行为和制度分析提供了一致的基础。心理学、社会学、哲学均对经济人假设提出批评 ,自利和理性并非人的永恒本性 ,也不应把人的一切行为都归结为趋利避害 ,人的理性能力也是有限的。政治学家则认为与经济活动相比 ,政治活动有更大的不确定性 ,人的政治行为难以全部理性化。

The hypothesis of the economic man extended into the study of politics by the theory of public choice.The hypothesis argues that man is selfish and rational.The understanding of rationality in the hypothesis widened the concept of rationality in politics while the hypothesis provided a common base for the analysis of human behavior and institutions.Psychology,sociology and philosophy made criticism on the hypothesis of economic man.The politicians argue that,in contrast to economic activities,the political activities are much more uncertain and can't be rationalized as a whole.