从《子云乡人类稿》析殷孟伦的辞书观

YIN Meng lun′s Views on Lexicograpophy

以现代语言学为宏观审视点,对古辞书进行开拓性探究,从中系统概括古文献语言的特征和规律,是殷孟伦先生古辞书研究的个性特色。其重要成果有:从"词本位"角度研究古辞书,承认传统语言学是独立学科;古辞书社会功能是规范语言与指导生活;为古辞书开了"分类之端";辞书应展示语词纵横历史轨迹;以语义为核心,从语言探语义,辞书义项应具高度概括性。殷氏古辞书论,是建国初期我国现代词典学初步形成阶段的主干部分。

Meng Yinlun′s study of ancient lexicographical works is characterized by the fact that it is carried out within the broader framework of contemporary linguistics, that it is systematic in that he summarizes the features and rules of the Chinese language through the study of dictionary compiled by scholars in ancient China. The following insightful conclusions can be arrived at on the basis of his study: firstly, the study of lexical works compiled in ancient China should be focused on words and recognize the independent position of traditional linguistics. Secondly, the role played by ancient lexical works is to standardize and guide the use of language in everyday life. Thirdly, the classification of words into categories started in ancient lexicographical works. Fourthly, the history of words should be represented in ancient lexicographical works. Fifthly, the focus of study is the meanings of words which can be inferred from the pronunciation. Yin menglun′s views on lexicography played an important role in the development of modern lexicography in China after 1949.