释"沤榔"——对古苗瑶民族生态智慧的再认识

An Interpretation of "Oulang"——A Recognition of the Ancient Miao and Yao Peoples' Wisdom on Ecology

宋人朱辅所作《溪蛮丛笑》一书,是一部珍贵的历史民族志典籍,在民族学、民族史论著中征引率极高。然而该书有不少内容涉及到古代自然科学资料,对文史工作者而言稍感陌生,致使传世各版本颇多错讹,征引者多关注社会文化事项,而忽视其他众多的资料价值。仅以该书"沤榔"条为例,结合当代生物学、食品化学研究成果,详加考辨后发现,其中包含了一些有关生态维护及野生生物资源利用的古代科技内容,反映了古代苗瑶民族的生态智慧,对当代的生态维护与资源利用仍有一定的借鉴价值。以此为例去举一反三,将有助于学术界深化对《溪蛮丛笑》一书的理解。

The book 'Xi Man Cong Xiao' written by Zhu Fu of the Song Dynasty,is a precious ethnical classics,which is widely quoted in the fields of ethnology and nationalities historical researches.The book,however contains many things on ancient natural science,which are somewhat strange to cultural and historical research workers,thus resulting to many errors in the various editions of the book.Most quoters concern themselves only with its social and cultural contents and ignore its documental values on many other things.Take its item on 'Oulang'.It contains some ancient science and technology on ecological protection and wild resources employment,reflecting the ancient Miao and Yan peoples' wisdom on ecology,which is still of reference value to the presentday ecological protection and development of natural resources.