社区人群高血压综合防治10年随访研究

A decade follow-up study of community-based comprehensive prevention and control of hypertension

目的 :探讨降低社区人群高血压患病率和脑卒中及心血管事件发生率的途径。方法 :对该社区 2 5岁以上居民共计 2 1336人进行高血压防治教育 ,10年来 ,通过改变不良生活习惯 ,定期监测血压、血糖及血脂等项目 ;并采取普治与专科治疗相结合的方法。观察防治前后高血压知晓率、患病率、治疗率、控制率及脑卒中与心血管事件年发生率、致残率和死亡率。结果 :10年间该社区人群高血压的知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别由防治前的 2 1.8%、13.3%及 4 .4 %提高到 91.8%、89.3%及 73.2 % ;脑卒中与心血管事件年发生率、年致残率和年死亡率分别由防治前的 2 .0 1‰、1.5 2‰及 1.10‰降至 1.4 1‰、1.2 3‰及 0 .4 7‰。各项指标比较 ,差异均有非常显著性意义 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论 :提高知晓率是降低社区人群高血压患病率的基础与重点 。

Objective:To study the methods of reducing hypertension prevalence and incidences of cardiovascular diseases in our community.Methods:From 1992 to 2002,health education for hypertension prevent and control was conducted in the community based sample of 21487 individuals (over 25 years old); and certain means were taken of periodically monitoring blood pressure, plasma glucose, plasma lipid level, changing bad living habits of the community population and of usual cure and special intervention combining together to decrease prevalence of hypertension and stroke incidence.Results:The rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control changed from 21.8 %, 13.3 %, and 4.4 %, before prevention and cure, to, 91.8 %, 89.3 % and 73.2 %, after prevention and cure ; and the rate of annual incidence of stroke and cardiovascular diseases, annual morbidity and mortality changed from 2.01 ‰, 1.52 ‰, before prevention and cure, and 1.10 ‰ to 1.41 ‰, 1.23 ‰ and 0.47 ‰ , after prevention and cure, respectively by 10 years follow up in the community. The effect is in evidence (P< 0.01 ).Conclusion:The results show that increasing the hypertension awareness is prime for hypertension community based comprehensive prevention and control. The combining of usual treatment and special intervention is the key factor for reducing the incidence of stroke and cardiovascular diseases.