关于苏联联邦制的再思考

Reflections on the Federal System of the Soviet Union

苏联解体这一重大历史事件包括社会主义制度在苏联失败和联邦制国家解体两个方面,即国体和政体两个方面,二者没有必然的联系,不能混淆。苏联法律只给予联邦成员自由脱离的权利而没有规定维护联邦的责任和义务,是导致联邦解体的原因之一。而更深层的原因则是以民族区域自治为基础的联邦制在法律上特化了群体及其权利。

The major historic event of Soviet disintegration embraced two aspects, namely, the defeat of the socialist system in the Soviet Union and the disintegration of the Federal government. In other words, there were both the aspects of the state system and of the form of government. There were no necessary links between the two. No confusion should be allowed here. The Soviet law granted only the right of free separation to the Federal membership, but made no stipulation on their liabilities and obligations to defend the Federation. This was one of the reasons accountable for the disintegration of the Federation. A more in-depth reason behind was that the Federal system based on national regional autonomy legalized the privileges of the ethnic groups and their rights.