大棚黄瓜菌核病化学防治的研究

Studies on Chemical Control of Cucumber Sclerotinia Disease in Greenhouse

通过1987～1989年的研究,肯定以化学防治为主的综合防治,在生产中应用收到显著效果。使用含药介质法和纸碟抑菌法室内筛选,结合田间试验测定速克灵、甲基托布津、多菌灵、退菌特等18种不同有效成份和剂型的杀菌剂,证明有效成份1000ppm的速克灵抑菌效果最好,室内抑菌效果86.11％,田间喷雾预防防效88.89％,治疗防效100％;甲基托布津室内抑菌效果64.44％;田间预防防效75.0％,治疗防效73.68％;多菌灵室内抑菌效果65.56％;田间预防防效77.78％,治疗防效50％。生产中使用50％速克灵wp.1000倍,重病棚在子囊盘出土后3d喷打第1次药,间隔10d喷第2次药,防效93.06％;70％甲基托布津wp.500倍,防效90.61％;50％多菌灵wp.500倍,防效77.55％;50％速克灵wp.和40％超微多菌灵wp.1:1混合剂,比单用多菌灵提高防效。发病初期或轻病大棚,用50％五氯硝基苯wp.50倍的0.2％琼脂胶悬液,涂抹病株的病班有94.23～100％治疗效果。

Eighteen fungicides were selected through toxicity tests for effective control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Relative control effects were determined in field experiments from 1987～1989. The result showed that Sumilex 1000 ppm of active ingredient gave 86.11% inhibitive effect to hyphae of the growing fungi on PDA 88.89% protective effect and curative effect % 100% were obtained in greenhouse First spray of Sumilex 50% WP, 1000 times was applied 3 days after primary apothecium occurred, and second spray was applied 10 days after first spray in greenhouse, 93.06% Protective effect was obtained. For Topsin-M, 70% WP. 500 times gave 90.61% protective effect. For Bavistin, 50% WP. 500 times gave 77.55% protective effect. Mixed agent of Sumilex 50% WP.and supermininal Bavistin 40% WP.(1:1)1000 times gave 84.66% protective effect. Mixed agent, as compared With Bavistin along, improved the efficiency significantly. Using Terraclor 50% WP. 50 times in 0.2% agar suspensoid painting at blight parts of cucumber plants achieved 94.23—100% curative effect.