沙轻和沙中减压渣油的分离、组成与性质

Separation, Composition and Properties of Vacuum Residues of Saudi Arabian Light and Middle Crude Oils

利用超临界流体萃取分馏技术,对沙轻和沙中减压渣油进行了分离;分析测定了窄馏分的密度、折光率、残炭、平均分子质量、元素(C、H、N、S)、含镍、钒质量分数、族组成(饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质);计算了窄馏分的平均结构参数;对窄馏分的平均沸点进行了预测,其最后一个馏分的平均沸点可达1050K,残渣的平均沸点接近1500K。研究表明,沙轻和沙中减渣窄馏分的性质、组成和平均结构随收率的增加基本呈现有规律的变化;超临界流体萃取分馏所得重馏分和残渣性质低劣,氢碳原子比小,N、S和金属元素质量分数高,含胶质、沥青质质量分数高;分析了两种渣油萃取分馏窄馏分、残渣的性质组成对加工过程的影响。

Vacuum residues of Saudi Arabian light and middle crude oils were separated by the technology of supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation. Each residue and their subfractions were characterized by average molecular weight, density, refractive index, carbon residue, elemental contents (C,H,N,S), metal contents (Ni,V) and SARA composition (saturates, aromatics, resin and asphaltene contents).The average boiling points and average structural parameters of the subfractions were calculated. The average boiling point of the last fraction was about 1 050 K, as well as which of the end cut accessed 1 500 K. The properties, composition and average structural parameters of narrow fractions change progressively with increasing cumulative yield.The SFEF heavy fractions and end cuts have unfavorable properties such as lower n(H)/n(C) ratio, more nitrogen, sulphur and metal contents, higher resin and asphaltene contents. The effects of the properties on the processing were studied.