保水剂、氮肥及其交互作用对马铃薯生长和产量的效应

Response of aquasorb, fertilizer and their interaction to growth and yield of potato

在陕北半干旱地区对马铃薯(SolanumtuberosumL.)进行保水剂及保水剂配施氮肥田间应用试验,苗期保水剂采用两种用法(沟施、穴施)、两个深度(5cm、10～15cm)处理,现蕾期追施氮肥形成保水剂及保水剂配施和氮肥交互组合处理,研究保水剂及保水剂配施氮肥的增产效应。结果表明:在苗期,保水剂使马铃薯的冠幅面积增加11.8%～54.8%;保水剂结合氮肥,可以提高不同阶段马铃薯叶片的光合速率,增加花期生物积累量46.7%～98.8%,延长马铃薯茎叶生育期14～15d,增加马铃薯块茎产量75.0%～108.3%,特别是直径较大商品薯的产量。不同方式施用保水剂都能促进马铃薯生长,增加块茎产量,其中以保水剂开沟深施10～15cm结合氮肥效果最佳。

Field experiments were carried out in Northern Shaanxi of China to study the effect of aquasorb , nitrogen(N) fertilizer and their interaction on potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) production. Aquasorb was applied during seedling stage with two methods (furrow applying and hole applying) and two depths (5 cm and 10～15 cm), N fertilizer was added in budding stage to form the treatments of combining aquasorb and N fertilizer. The result showed that the canopy area of seedling with different aquasorb treatments was increased by 11.8%~54.8% compared with control. With the treatment of mixed using aquasorb and N fertilizer, the photosynthesis rate of the leaf in different growth stage was enhanced significantly, the biomass in flowering growth stage was increased by 46.67%~98.81%, the growth period was prolonged by 14~15 d, and the tuber yield was increased by 75.0%～108.3%, especially the marketable tuber yield were increased markedly. All aquasorb treatments were benefit to the growth and yield of potato. In all methods, 10～15 cm deep furrow applying aquasorb and N fertilizer was best.