与工科生谈谈怎样认识“狭义相对论”

Talking About How to Understand the Relativity of Narrow Sense with Engineering Students

大学工科《普通物理学》“狭义相对论基础”这一章,是近代物理学这部分知识的重点和难点.根据多年的教学经验,对迈克尔逊—莫雷实验进行了进一步的阐述,为使学生对光速不变原理有更深理解;对时间延缓效应公式△t=2)(1cv-t进行了讨论,引导学生从实验的角度认识到时间延缓的客观性,从而牢固树立起狭义相对论的时空观;最后,从动力学方面进一步对牛顿运动定律与狭义相对论进行了比较,以帮助学生更全面地认识狭义相对论.

The chapter of ?Foundation of Relativity of Narrow Science?in the textbook of Fundamental University Physics is difficulty to understand but is very important for engineering students. Based on my teaching experience for many years, this paper demonstrates the Michelson-Morley experiment further and make students understand the principle of light velocity invariability deeply; and the paper alse discusses the equation of time dilation, which can make students understand the objectivity of time dilation from the view of experiment and theory, and make them set up the space and time notion of relativity firmly. Finally, the paper compares the Newton抯 motion laws and relativity in respect of dynamics, which can help students understand relativity more extensively.