家蚕基因库突变系统的研究

Studies on the Mutation Strains of the Bombyx mori Gene Bank

经过十几年的研究 ,整理了包括最早于 2 0世纪 4 0年代 ,尤其是 80年代后期以来收集、引进、创造的家蚕各种突变基因、染色体变异系统及特色遗传材料 10 0 0余份 ,通过对其进行形态、生理、生化性状的鉴定和遗传分析 ,构建和完善的保存系统有 6 0 0余个家蚕基因的资源库 ,保存的家蚕突变基因种类覆盖国际现存家蚕突变基因的 90 %以上。其中珍稀突变基因达 10 0多个 ,首次发现的突变基因 6 0余个。通过对突变系统进行杂交分析 ,连锁检索和三点测验定位 ,构建了完善的家蚕连锁检索标记体系 ,含全部 2 8个连锁群的标志基因有 2 30个 ;构建了各连锁群的基因定位系统 (隐性基因合成系 ) ;发现了基因互补突变卵色和第三型母性遗传卵色 ,发现了白色卵突变基因上位作用的普遍性。育成了以形态突变基因为标记的、相互独立的近等基因系 2 8个。开发了高饲料效率、性别标记、天然有色茧丝、抗病性、广食性、可控制单性别孵化等一系列有重大应用前景的有用突变基因育种新素材。建立了较为完善的家蚕基因资源持续保存的方法和管理技术体系。

Through more than ten years of study, more than 1 000 Bombyx mori genetic materials of various kinds: mutation genes, chromosomal variation strains and genes for exceptional qualities of Bombyx mori either collected, introduced or created since 1940s, especially in the late years of the 1980s, have been sorted out and put in order. A largest silkworm gene bank in China has been constructed and completed through genetic identification and analyses of the morphological, physiological and biochemical characters. There are more than 600 strains kept in the gene bank and the number of preserved mutated genes of various kinds covers more than 90% of the total in the world. Among them, more than 100 are rare mutated genes and about 60 are newly discovered. Through hybrid analyses, linkage tests and three-point gene location tests, the marker strains for linkage analyses and searching has been established, which includes 230 marker genes covering all the 28 linkage groups of Bombyx mori . The gene location system (composite system of recessive genes) is also constructed. Complementary effects of mutated genes for egg color and the third type of maternal heredity of egg color were found. Epistatic effect of the white egg gene was found to be universal. Twenty-eight independent near- isogenic lines based on morphological mutation markers were created and a series of novel breeding materials of such as high feed efficiency, special sex markers, natural color silk, disease resistance, wider feed range and adjustable parthenogenesis, were developed and they will have great potentials for application. Sustainable maintaining and management methodologies and techniques of Bombyx mori gene resources were also created.