灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响

Effect of Irrigation Conditions on Protein Composition Accumulation of Grain and Its Quality in Winter Wheat

利用防雨池栽方式研究土壤水分对 2个品质类型品种蛋白质积累及品质影响。结果表明 ,籽粒灌浆过程中蛋白质含量的动态变化呈“V”字型曲线。花后 7d和 14d均以水分亏缺严重处理最高 ,但至花后 35d ,济南 17以水分亏缺最严重的最低 ,鲁麦 2 1则以该处理最高。干旱能促进清蛋白和球蛋白含量在灌浆初期的积累 ,但至灌浆末期转为降低。土壤水分亏缺严重或过多均不利于贮藏蛋白的积累。籽粒中谷蛋白大聚合体 (GMP)含量在开花 7d后随着灌浆进程而增加 ,花后 14d土壤水分亏缺有促进积累的作用 ,而后 ,土壤水分严重亏缺或过多均不利于形成较多的GMP。适宜的灌水处理有利于籽粒积累较多的贮藏蛋白和GMP ,从而改善品质。严重水分亏缺降低籽粒容重、面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和评价值 ,但一定程度土壤水分亏缺反而促其升高。

The effect of irrigation conditions on protein composition accumulation of grain and its quality in winter wheat was studied in proof-rainfall-trough in middle area of Shandong province during 1999—2001. The results showed that the dynamic changes of grain protein content could be outlined by “V” letter curve during grain filling, which reached the highest on the 7th day or the 14th day after flowering, and protein content on Jinan 17 was the highest on the 35th day after flowering, but that in Lumai 21 was on the contrary under severe moisture deficit conditions. The contents of albumin and globulin in the grains increased at early grain filling, but decreased at the end of grain filling with development of soil moisture deficit. Accumulation of storage protein tended to be less under severe soil moisture deficit or over plentiful moisture conditions. The content of glutenin macropoloymer (GMP) in the grains increased with developing of grain filling after the 7th day of flowering. Soil moisture deficit could promote GMP accumulate at the 14th day after flowering, but lately GMP accumulation was prohibited under severe deficit of soil moisture or over plentiful soil moisture conditions. Moderate irrigation treatments increased the accumulation of storage protein and GMP in the grains in order to improve grain quality. Grain volume weight, gluten content, sedimentation volume, dough developing time, dough stability time and valorimenter value all decreased under the severe deficit soil moisture conditions although moderate deficit of soil moisture made them rise. Generally, moderately limited irrigation treatments (treatment B and treatment C) improved grain quality under this experimental conditions.