论制度变迁中的四大问题

Four Problems in Institutional Transition

制度变迁是制度的替代、转换与交易过程。制度变迁可以被理解为一种效益更高的制度(即所谓“目标模式”)对另一种制度(即所谓“起点模式”)的替代过程。制度变迁从其层次来分,有基础性制度安排与次级制度安排;从其主体来分,有强制性制度变迁与诱致性制度变迁;从其途径来分,有制度移植与制度创新;从其方式来分,有渐进式制度变迁与激进式制度变迁。从不同角度来研究制度变迁,对于我们深入认识制度变迁的过程及其规律具有重要的意义。

The institutional transition is a process of replacing, transforming and transacting institution, which can be regarded as the replacement of an institution superseded by another more effective one. The institutional transition can be divided into fundamental institutional arrangement and secondary one from level, compulsory institution transition and induced one from subject, institutional transplantation and institutional innovation from approaches, gradual institutional transition and radical one from models. It is of important significance for us to realize the process and law of institutional transition from different perspectives.<P>