清原马鹿品种选育研究

Selection of Qingyuan Breed of Tianshan Wapiti

自 1972～ 2 0 0 2年 12月采用个体表型选择、单公群母配种和闭锁繁育等方法 ,研究并应用饲养管理综合配套技术、幼鹿培育技术、马鹿人工授精新技术及研究生化遗传特性和产茸量的遗传标记、品种及其种鹿标准和经过引种 ,风土驯化 ,确定系祖鹿和建立选育群 ;多组选育群自繁 ,合成“杂交”选育 ,精选F1 和F2 代种鹿和扩繁 ;扩大品系鹿数量 ,改善品系群品质 ;提高品种选育群品质 ,扩繁数量 ,品种形成和推广应用 4个阶段 ,5个世代的系统选育 ,育成了清原马鹿 330 0只。该品种具有体貌一致 ,体型较大 ,体质结实 ,鲜茸平均单产8 6kg ,成品茸年均单产 3 1kg ,鹿茸粗大、肥嫩 ,粗蛋白质 (6 3 7% )和氨基酸总含量 (39 6 % )高 ,茸的优质率达93% ,繁殖成活率高 (6 8 6 % ) ,生产利用年限长 (15年 ) ,适应性强 ,遗传性能稳定 ,茸 (鲜 )重遗传力 0 37,重复力 0 75 ,年改进量 0 4 86kg ,杂交改良效果与经济效益和社会效益显著等典型优良性状。

Three thousand three hundred Qingyuan breed of Tianshan wapiti were successfully selected by various breeding measures. The variety of wapiti has uniform appearance with strong and large bodies. Fresh antler yield is up to 8.6kg and dry antler yield averages 3.1kg. The antler is big in diameter and tender. It contains high amount of crude protein (63.7%) and total amino acids (39.6%). The first grade antlers constitute 93% of total antlers. The breed has a high breeding survival rate (68.6%) and long production life. The adaptability of the deer is strong and heredity is stable. The heredity of fresh antler yield in 0.37, repeat ability is 0.75 with annual improvement being 0.486kg. All the cross breeding, economic and social benefits are significant.