气管切开护理的新进展

气管切开术已有2000多年的历史,其传统的适应证是解除喉及气管上端阻塞,被认为是一种抢救性的急症手术。但近年来,因为其它病因所行的气管切开术已大大超过了上呼吸道阻塞因素,其作为一种抢救手段,已越来越多地应用于各种疾病的治疗中。作为有创的人工的气道,由于呼吸道的改路,空气未经鼻腔湿化过滤,直接与下呼吸道相通,由此造成呼吸道分泌物粘稠、干燥、结痂,痰液不易咳出而加重呼吸道阻塞,造成肺部感染,且可发生脱管、堵塞、皮下气肿、感染、气管壁溃疡及穿孔、气管食管瘘等严重并发症.因此气管切开术后护理一直是护理人员在临床工作中不断研究和探索的重要课题。

tracheotomy has 2000 years of history, its traditional indication is cancel the throat and upper airway obstruction, is regarded as a kind of rapid emergency surgery. But in recent years, for the ways of other causes tracheotomy has greatly exceeded the upper respiratory tract obstruction factors, it as a means of rescue, has been increasingly used in the treatment of various diseases. As a gen of artificial airway, due to the change of road respiratory tract, without nasal moist air filter, with lower respiratory tract directly, this may cause respiratory secretions thick, dry, scabby, aggravate the respiratory tract obstruction, not easy to cough up sputum cause lung infection, and can happen to take off the tube and blocking, subcutaneous emphysema, infection, ulcer and gas pipe wall perforation, tracheoesophageal fistula and other serious complications. Therefore after tracheotomy nursing has been the nursing staff in the clinical work and important subject of constant research and exploration.