婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的相关危险因素调查研究

目的:探讨婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的相关危险因素。方法:选择2015年12月至2017年10月在我院儿保门诊进行系统管理的100例婴幼儿作为研究对象,采取所有婴幼儿无名指指端血,采用氰化高铁法检测血红蛋白水平,观察不同年龄段贫血检出率,并对所有婴幼儿出生体重、辅食添加、有无反复腹泻、呼吸道感染及孕晚期母体贫血等因素进行分析。结果:本组100例婴幼儿血红蛋白平均水平为(92.54±26.47)g·L-1,其中缺铁性贫血检出率为22.00%(22/100),2-3岁检出率为7.14%,1-2岁检出率为14.58%,<1岁检出了为36.84,可见随着患儿年龄的增加,贫血检出率逐渐减少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);辅食添加和孕晚期贫血对婴幼儿缺铁性贫血有明显的影响,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);低出生体重儿、反复腹泻及反复呼吸道感染虽对婴幼儿缺铁性贫血有一定的影响,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:婴幼儿年龄小于1岁时缺铁性贫血患病率较高,其中母体孕晚期贫血及婴幼儿辅食添加不当是诱发缺铁性贫血的主要病因,临床应加强围生期保健,进而降低缺铁性贫血发生率。

Objective:to explore the related risk factors of iron deficiency anemia in infants. Methods:from December 2015 to October 2017 in the outpatient department of our hospital management system of the 100 infants as the research object, take all infant ring finger tip blood hemoglobin level detected by cyanmethemoglobin method, observation of different age the prevalence rate of anemia, and the infant birth weight, feeding, no diarrhea, repeated respiratory tract infection late pregnancy and maternal anemia and other factors. The group of 100 cases of infant anemia detection rate was 22%(22/100), increased gradually at the age of 2-3, at the age of 1-2 and less than 1 years in anemia rate, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05); food supplement and anemia in late pregnancy on infant iron deficiency anemia has obvious effect, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05); low birth weight infants, recurrent diarrhea and recurrent respiratory tract infection has a certain influence on infant iron deficiency anemia, but the difference was not statistically significant(P > 0.05). Conclusion:the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is high when infants are younger than 1 years old. The main causes of iron deficiency anemia are maternal late pregnancy anemia and infant complementary food supplement. The perinatal health care should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.