出生时相关因素对婴儿气质类型的影响

Effect of birth status on infant's temperament type

目的探讨出生时相关因素对婴儿气质类型的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2016年11月在四川省妇幼保健院产科,正常产妇(孕期无合并症和妊娠期相关并发症)生产的足月单胎新生儿269人,对其随访1年。采用张劲松、沈理笑研究和策划的气质问卷进行测评,用自行设计编制的调查表对可能影响婴儿气质(分为易养型组和难养型组)的出生时相关因素进行调查,并用逐步Logistic回归统计方法对出生时各相关因素进行分析。结果纳入调查共269人,占随访人数的76.86%;其中男童易养型为111人,难养型为21人;女童易养型115人,难养型为22人。在10个调查因素中,有5个因素:出生方式、出生时有无胎盘早剥、出生时有无窒息、出生时有无入住新生儿科及新生儿科住院时间,在易养型组与难养型组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2/t值分别为4.292、4.172、5.062、11.383、-19.345,均P<0.05)。5个因素根据标准按回归系数由大到小依次排列顺序为入住新生儿科、出生窒息、出生方式、胎盘早剥和新生儿科住院时间。结论出生时的相关因素对婴儿气质有一定的影响,尤其是出生时是否入住新生儿科和是否有出生窒息对婴儿气质影响明显。因此需重视孕前检查、降低出生时高危情况的发生。

Objective To investigate the effect of birth status on infant’s temperament type.Methods Totally 269 full-term singleton infants of normal pregnant women without complications born during the period of March 2015 to November 2016 in Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children were selected and followed up for one year.Temperament questionnaire researched and planned by Zhang Jinsong and Shen Lixiao was used to evaluate,and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the related birth factors possibly infecting the temperament type(easy-type and difficult-type)of infants.Stepwise Logistic regression was used for correlation analysis.Results A total of 269 infants were recruited,occupying 76.86%of the cases followed up.Among them there were 111 boys of easy-type and 21 of difficult-type,115 girls of easy-type and 22 of difficult-type.Five of ten factors(including delivery mode,placental abruption,asphyxia,entering neonatology department and time of hospitalization)were statistically significant in comparing easy-type and difficult-type(χ~2/t value was 4.292,4.172,5.062,11.383 and-19.345,respectively,all P<0.05).The order of these five factors were entering neonatology department,asphyxia,delivery mode,placental abruption and time of hospitalization from high to low in terms of standard regression coefficient.Conclusion The birth status brings certain effects on infant’s temperament,and the effect of being admitted to neonatology department and asphyxia is more obvious.Therefore,we should pay attention to pre-pregnancy examination to reduce the high risk of birth.