上海青浦区母乳喂养现状及社会支持因素分析

Current situation and social support factors of breastfeeding in Qingpu District in Shanghai City

目的了解上海市青浦区母乳喂养现状,分析其影响因素,为推动母乳喂养健康宣教工作和公共卫生服务支持项目提供有利依据。方法自行设计编制调查问卷。2017年5月至7月现场招募孕期妇女填写《母乳喂养意向调查问卷》,在辖区内社区卫生服务中心采用随机抽样法,抽取18～24个月婴幼儿的母亲作为研究对象进行调查,填写《母乳喂养意向及行为调查问卷》。结果青浦区6个月纯母乳喂养率为28.49%,大部分被调查产后母亲(72.42%)和孕妇(88.49%)能支持母乳喂养;个人观念、身体状况、家人态度、缺乏技巧、缺乏社会支持是影响产后母亲和孕妇坚持母乳喂养的主要因素;产后母亲在碰到疑惑主动求助或咨询的对象多为百度(60.96%),获取母乳喂养相关知识的宣传渠道多为产科的医生护士(43.97%),接受的服务包括孕前宣教、孕妇学校上课和产科医院责任制护理。结论应当重点加强妇幼保健工作人员对孕产妇专业性理念和技能的教育和培养,不断拓展多样化、个性化、持续性服务,大力引导专业机构通过信息发布平台普及科学可靠的母乳喂养知识,加快建立"个人家庭-机构社区-社会公众"母乳喂养支持系统。

Objective To investigate the current situation of exclusive breastfeeding in Qingpu District in Shanghai City and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide evidence and suggestions in promoting breastfeeding and public support services.Methods From May to July 2017,pregnant women were recruited on site to fill in self-designed questionnaires of Survey on Breastfeeding Intention.Random sampling method was used to select mothers of 18-to 24-month old infants in community health service centers to fill in Survey on Breastfeeding Intention and Behavior.Results Exclusive breastfeeding rate in Qingpu District was 28.49%.Most of the mothers(72.42%)and pregnant women(88.49%)supported breastfeeding.Personal concept,physical condition,family’s attitude,lack of breastfeeding skills and social support were the main factors affecting continuous breastfeeding.Mothers tended to consult Baidu online when they confronted with questions(60.96%),while related knowledge was mainly acquired from medical staff in obstetric hospital(43.97%).Mothers had access to the services including pre-pregnancy education,pregnant women’s school and obstetric hospital responsibility care.Conclusion Emphasis should be placed on constructing right personal concept and improving breastfeeding skills among pregnant and parturient women.Diversified,individualized and continuous services should also be extended.Professional institutions shall broaden information platform to promote reliable and scientific breastfeeding knowledge.'Family-Community-Society centered'breastfeeding supporting system is in urgent need.