光学相干断层扫描分析对青少年近视眼的黄斑区视网膜血管密度及厚度价值的研究

Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Retinal Vascular Density and Thickness in Macular Area of Adolescent Myopia

目的:研究光学相干断层扫描分析(OCT)对青少年近视眼的黄斑区视网膜血管密度及厚度价值。方法:将自2016年3月开始至2018年3月时间段我院收治的近视眼青少年100例记作观察对象,将其按照近视度数的不同分成低度组44例,中度组40例,高度组16例,比较各组患者的眼球参数水平。此外,对所有患者进行OCT检查,并对比各组患者的黄斑区表层及深层微血管密度,黄斑区不同部位的视网膜厚度,并作指标间的相关性分析。结果:三组患者的等效球镜度逐渐降低,而眼轴逐渐升高,各组差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。三组患者黄斑区表层及深层微血管密度水平均逐渐升高,各组差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。三组患者黄斑中心区、内环鼻侧部位的视网膜厚度逐渐升高,而内环上方、内环下方、内环鼻侧、内环颞侧部位的视网膜厚度逐渐降低,各组差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析,青少年近视眼度数与黄斑区视网膜表层、深层微血管密度以及黄斑中心区、内环鼻侧视网膜厚度呈正相关,而与内环上方、内环下方、内环颞侧、外环鼻侧视网膜厚度呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论:随着青少年近视眼度数的不断增加,黄斑区视网膜血管密度及厚度随之变化。临床工作中可通过OCT及时发现黄斑区病变,从而为青少年近视眼的早期诊断、临床治疗提供指导作用。

Objective:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography(OCT)in retinal vascular density and thickness in macular area of adolescent myopia.Methods:100 cases of myopia adolescents admitted to our hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were recorded as the objects of observation.According to the degree of myopia,they were divided into 44 cases of low myopia group,40 cases of moderate myopia group and 16 cases of high myopia group.The levels of eye parameters of each group were compared.In addition,all patients were examined by OCT,and the surface and deep microvascular densities of macular area and the retinal thickness of different parts of macular area in each group were compared.Correlation in each index was analyzed.Results:The three groups of equivalent spheroscopy showed a gradually decreasing trend,while the ocular axis showed a gradually increasing trend,the difference between the groups was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The three groups of the surface and deep microvascular density levels in the macular area were gradually increased,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The three groups of macular central area,the inner ring nasal side parts of the retinal thickness showed a trend of increasing gradually,and the inner ring above and below the inner ring,inner ring nasal side,inner ring temporal side parts of the retinal thickness was gradually reduce the trend,and differences between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the myopia degree of adolescents was positively correlated with the retinal surface and deep microvascular density in macular area and the retinal thickness in the central area of macular area and the nasal side of the inner ring,while negatively correlated with the retinal thickness above the inner ring,below the inner ring,the temporal side of the inner ring and the nasal side of the outer ring(all P<0.05).Conclusion:With the increase of myopia in adolescents,the retinal vascular density and thickness in macular area changed.In clinical work,the lesions in the macular area can be detected timely by OCT,so as to provide guidance for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of adolescent myopia.