社区能力视角下的社会救助瞄准机制研究:转型国家的经验

Examining the Mechanism of Social Assistance Targeting from the Perspective of Community-capability:The Experiences of Transition Countries

基于社区的贫困人口瞄准是大多数国家社会救助中普遍采用的方法。通过对乌兹别克斯坦、拉脱维亚、阿尔巴尼亚三个转型国家社区瞄准机制的比较研究发现,社区能力是影响社区瞄准效果的关键因素。社区组织的较高权威性及社区动员力能够有效降低救助遗漏率;社区组织与受助群体以及政府的互动和伙伴关系网络不仅有助于降低救助瞄准中的泄漏率,还能增加社区自身的社会资本,为社区桥接更多的救助资源,提高社区的公共福祉;社区领袖的领导力、社区组织的问题评估能力和资源动员力是提高瞄准效率的关键。转型国家社会救助瞄准的经验和教训对于中国精准扶贫和贫困治理体系建设具有重要的借鉴意义。

Community-based targeting is a common approach to social assistance in most countries. By comparing the community-based targeting mechanisms of three transition countries: Uz bekistan,Latvia,Albania,we fi nd that community-capability is the critical factor that infl uences the effectiveness of community-based targeting.The authority and the mobilization capability of the community contribute to the coverage ratio of antipoverty programs;the interaction among and the partnership network of the community,the poor and the government can help to not only reduce the leakage ratio of poverty targeting,but also increase the social capital of the community by bringing in more social relief resources,and thus improve the public well-being of the community.Moreover,the leadership,problem-assessment and resources-mobilization capacity of the community are important for improving targeting effectiveness.The experiences and lessons drawn from these three transition countries serve as a crucial reference for the construction of China's targeted poverty alleviation and poverty governance systems in the nascent phase.