社会文化视角下法国社会保障制度“碎片化”特征解析

The Socio-cultural Dimension of the Fragmentation of French Social Security

传统政治经济学视角下的研究倾向于认为,法国社会保障制度"碎片化"特征是利益和政治力量博弈的结果。这一认识给法国社会保障制度的研究制造了盲区,因为它忽视了制度安排的社会文化基础。本文以"基本担忧"和"集体想象"为切入点,把法国社会保障制度安排置于整个法国社会宏观的管理结构与社会及政治游戏规则的体系之中,并与微观层面的社会关系相结合进行分析后发现,法国社会保障制度的"碎片化"本质上反映的是法国社会结构以职业分层为特征的"碎片化"。这一制度安排根植于法国深厚的行会主义文化传统,同时支撑了以职业身份认同为核心的"荣誉的逻辑"。

The fragmentation of French social security has been traditionally considered the result of confl icts of interest and political disputes in French society. This is a simplistic political-economic view that creates a blind spot in the fi eld of French social security research, for it ignores the social culture foundations of social security. Based on the concepts of 'basic worry' and 'collective imagination', we place the institution of French social security into the context, macroscopically, of the entire administrative structure of French society and the rules of political and social games and, microscopically, of social relationships. Our analysis from the synthesis of these two perspectives shows that the fragmented trait of French social security refl ects indeed that of French societal structure—that is, fragmentation according to professional status. This fragmentation is deeply rooted in the traditional corporatism of French society and supports institutionally the logic of honor with the sense of professional status as its core.