中国多层次养老保险的制度创新与路径优化

Innovation and Optimization of Multi-layered Old-age Pension in China

多层次养老保险制度的构建及可持续发展是近30年来国际养老保险制度改革的重要发展趋势。受多种因素的制约,中国多层次养老保险制度构建步伐远低于人们的预期。本文在相关文献梳理的基础上,从理论、制度设计和发展环境等方面进行反思,分析了中国多层次养老保险制度发展缓慢的深层原因,提出了中国多层次养老保险制度创新和路径优化的政策思路。研究表明,唯有综合考量经济、社会、文化、技术等多因素,探索多层次养老保险制度创新的突破,探索基于新发展环境下的路径优化策略,方有助于找到适合中国国情的多层次养老保险可持续发展之路。

The construction of multi-layered pension system and its sustainable development have been a major trend in pension reform globally. However, this process in China has lagged due to various constraints. This paper analyzes the underlying reasons behind the underdeveloped multi-layered pension system in China, from the perspectives of theory, system design, and external context. Further, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations regarding the institutional innovation and optimized path in multi-layered pension reform. It emphasizes that China should explore a sustainable multi-layered pension system compatible with its realities, by taking economic, societal and cultural factors into consideration.