论现阶段中国社会救助制度目标提升的基础与意义

Upgrading the Goal of China's Social Assistance:Bases and Significance

经过20多年的发展,中国已经建成较为完整的社会救助制度体系,其在反贫困行动中发挥着重要的作用。但是,中国随着经济与社会的发展、社会保障制度的逐步健全和反贫困行动的持续开展,贫困问题正在发生深刻的变化:生存型贫困逐渐减弱,生活型贫困日益凸显。在未来发展中,中国反贫困行动的领域应该以生活型贫困为主。一般而言,与生存型贫困者相比,生活型贫困者数量要更多,其收入超过了基本生存需要,但仍然处于生活困难之中。在反生活型贫困行动中,尽管社会保险和普惠性社会福利制度都应该发挥积极作用,但社会救助制度的作用更加基础且重要。中国社会救助制度在反生活型贫困中的主要任务应该是针对生活型贫困者的实际需要,重点帮助他们缩小与非贫困者的收入差距、提高其生活质量、促进其融入社会进而增强摆脱贫困的能力。

After the two-decade development,China has established a relatively comprehensive social assistance system,which is playing a significant role in anti-poverty actions.Along with the economic and social development and the implementation of current anti-poverty programs,however,the poverty problem is experiencing significant changes,with the declining subsistence poverty but increasingly prominent relative poverty.In the future,China’s anti-poverty actions will be mainly targeted at persons in relative poverty.The poor people in relative poverty,much more in numbers than those in subsistence poverty,are those with income higher than the subsistence level,but still living in some difficulties.Although the contributory social insurance and universal social welfare programs should make contribution to the actions in this area,social assistance should play a more basic and significant role in fighting against relative poverty.The main tasks of social assistance in fighting against relative poverty are,base on the needs of impoverished,to help them narrow income gaps with non-poor,improve their quality of life,enhance social inclusion and finally empower them to get out of poverty.