韩国低生育时代的社会福利模式创新

A New Social Welfare Paradigm for the Period of Low Birth Rate

低生育率与人口高龄化已成为韩国日益严重的社会问题。近年来,韩国出现了超低生育率现象(总和生育率低于1.2)。这种从未有过的低生育现象将会给韩国经济社会各方面带来重大影响。为应对低生育率导致的危机,韩国政府应出台更为积极的社会福利政策。由于儿童数量代表着未来劳动人口数量,所以对于一个儿童数量不断减少的国家而言,应更加注重每一个儿童的社会价值。因此,韩国政府应加大对所有儿童的人力资本投资以实现社会可持续发展。笔者将"包容性增长"作为新型社会福利模式的核心内容以应对低生育问题。具体政策建议如下:第一,加大对儿童的人力资本投资;第二,出台基于就业岗位的生产性福利政策;第三,制定以资产为本的社会福利政策。

Low birth rate and ageing have become serious social problems in South Korea.In recent years,South Korea is experiencing a super low birth rate with a total fertility rate of below 1.2.The unprecedented low birth rate will have significant effects on many areas of socioeconomic development in South Korea.In order to respond to the crisis brought about by this low birth rate,a more active social welfare policy is needed.The social value of each child should be considered higher in a society where the number of children,which represents the future working age population,is decreasing.A more active investment in increasing human capital of all children is needed in order to secure a sustainable development of South Korea.In this paper,I take inclusive growth as the core of a new social welfare paradigm addressing low fertility problem.As more specific policy proposals,I suggest(1)more active investment in children,(2)productive welfare based on workfare approach,and(3)asset-based social welfare policy.