激活贫困者内生动力:理论视角和政策选择

Activating the Endogenous Impetus of the Poor:Theoretical Perspective and Policy Choice

"积极社会政策"作为一种新的政策范式,其重点之一是激活贫困者。可行能力理论视角改变了人们仅关注贫困者收入这个唯一标准,转向了贫困者自身能力这一核心问题。增权作为一种减贫路径,强调激发贫困者的潜能,通过贫困者自身的力量来解决困境的可能。本文以德国积极劳动力市场政策改革为例,分析发达国家通过采取一系列措施,让有劳动能力的受助者尽快融入劳动力市场;同时以有条件现金转移支付和格莱珉穷人银行为例,分析发展中国家的"有条件现金转移支付"和"格莱珉银行",发现其共同点是通过强化共同责任,激发贫困家庭自我发展能力,潜在地培养贫困家庭的社会资本和人力资本;最后对中国建立以激活贫困者为核心的反贫困政策体系提出了具体建议。

One main focus of ’’Active Social Policy’’, a new policy paradigm, is to stimulate the poor. The capability approach has changed the old practice that focused only on the income of the poor, and turned to focus on the poor’s own capability. As an anti-poverty approach, empowerment emphasizes the potential and ability of the poor to fi x the situation independently. Using the reform of the active labor market policy in Germany as an example, this paper analyses the measures adopted by developed countries to integrate the able-bodied social assistance recipients into the labor market as early as possible. At the same time, taking the conditional cash transfers and Grameen Bank as examples, the article argues that the common ground of ’’conditional cash transfers’ ’ and ’’Grameen Bank’’ in developing countries is to stimulate the self-development ability of poor families by strengthening collective responsibility, and potentially cultivate their social capital and human capital. In the end, we also put forward suggestions on how to establish an anti-poverty policy system in China with the core of empowering the poor.