废弃物覆盖对土壤养分和玉米幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Wastes Mulching on Soil Nutrient Conditions and Corn Seedling Growth

试验采用盆栽法,以半腐熟小麦秸秆(秸秆)、地膜、化纤编织袋(编织袋)、高粱秆片(片)、半腐熟城市生活垃圾(垃圾1)和再腐熟城市生活垃圾(垃圾2)等作为覆盖材料,研究其对盆栽玉米土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量和分布以及玉米幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:秸秆和垃圾覆盖显著地提高了土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾的含量,对土壤速效氮的补偿能力也较强,而片、编织袋和地膜覆盖对土壤的培肥能力差,特别是地膜还导致了上层土壤有机质含量的明显下降;覆盖地膜、秸秆、片、编织袋都不同程度地促进了玉米幼苗的生长,其中尤以地膜覆盖效果最佳,其次是秸秆,再其次为片和编织袋,而垃圾作用不明显。

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of wheat straw (straw), plastic film, sorghum straw mat (mat), plastic weaved bag (bag), hemi\|decomposed municipal garbage (garbage1) and re\|decomposed municipal garbage (garbage2) as mulch materials on the contents and distribution of soil organic matter and available N, P, K and the growth of corn seedlings. The results show that the straw and garbage increase soil organic matter, available P, and available K significantly and also have a relatively high capacity of compensating soil available N; the mat, bag and mulch film do not have the capacity of enriching soil and actually mulch film leads to the reduction of organic matter in the upper layer soil. Mulch film has the highest capacity to promote corn seedling growth, straw takes the second place, and then are the bag and mat. The garbages do not have the capacity of promoting corn seedling growth.