不同生物絮团对脊尾白虾高密度养殖水体氨氮的影响

Effects of Different Biological Flocs on Ammonia Nitrogen Content in High-density Aquaculture Water of Exopalaemon carinicauda

为筛选适宜虾类工厂化养殖使用的生物絮团种类,以脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)为实验材料,探讨了3种不同产地(河南、福建、河北)来源的EM菌产生的生物絮团对脊尾白虾高密度养殖水体氨氮(ammonia nitrogen, AN)浓度的影响。每种生物絮团下共设置600尾/m^3、800尾/m^3、1 000尾/m^3共3个养殖密度,实验周期为8 d。结果显示,应用河南产地的EM菌,在600尾/m^3、800尾/m^3、1 000尾/m^3养殖密度下,水体最终氨氮浓度为1.28 mg/L、1.52 mg/L、1.90 mg/L,日均节水率为50.1%;应用福建产地的EM菌,水体最终氨氮浓度为1.03 mg/L、1.48 mg/L、2.15 mg/L,日均节水率为52.2%;应用河北产地的EM菌,水体最终氨氮浓度为1.58 mg/L、1.78 mg/L、2.74 mg/L,日均节水率为24.4%;而对照组水体最终氨氮浓度分别为1.62 mg/L、2.12 mg/L、3.05 mg/L,以上3种生物絮团在脊尾白虾高密度海水养殖中均有降低水体氨氮的作用,且效果存在显著差异,揭示水产养殖过程中应对适宜的EM菌试剂进行筛选后使用。实验筛选获得了适合脊尾白虾高密度养殖的生物絮团,为进一步开展其工厂化养殖及节水减排提供了参考。

Exopalaemon carinicauda is an aquaculture species endemic to China and characterized by a high reproduction rate,fast growth and an extended growing season.Production has increased in recent years and industrialized aquaculture of E.carinicauda has attracted increasing attention.In this study,we explored the effects of bio-flocs produced by three different EM(effective microorganisms)bacteria on ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the high-density culture water of E.carinicauda,aiming to obtain the most suitable biological floc for industrialized aquaculture of E.carinicauda and provide support for conserving water and improving water quality from high density aquaculture operations.The experiment was carried out in an indoor factory farming system with healthy adult shrimp(body length,(3.4±0.4)cm,body weight(1.9±0.1)g)EM bacteria from three provinces(Henan,Fujian and Hebei)were selected to form bio-flocs.Each bio-floc treatment and the control were set at three culture densities:600 tail/m^3,800 tail/m^3 and 1 000 tail/m^3,with each trial run in triplicate.An EM bacteria density of>10~5CFU/mL was achieved in each trial.The test duration was 8 days and water temperature,salinity,pH,and ammonia nitrogen concentration were determined each morning at 8∶00,prior to feeding.The final concentrations of ammonia nitrogen at the three shrimp densities were 1.28 mg/L,1.52 mg/L and 1.90 mg/L with EM bacteria from Henan;1.03 mg/L,1.48 mg/L and 2.15 mg/L with EM bacteria from Fujian,and 1.58 mg/L,1.78 mg/L,2.74 mg/L with EM bacteria from Hebei.The corresponding daily water saving rates with EM bacteria from Henan,Fujian and Hebei were,respectively,50.1%,52.2%and 24.4%.Treatment with EM bacteria from all three provinces significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration,but the reduction varied by source province.A biological floc suitable for high-density culture of E.carinicauda was obtained and our results provide a reference for further development of industrial shrimp culture.