清代别集凡例与文学批评

The General Notices of Anthologies in the Qing Dynasty and Literary Criticism

清编别集有一个引人注目的现象,即卷首常缀以凡例。这些凡例,不仅是介绍编纂原则、体例和技术的说明性文字,更是宣扬文学理念、激荡文学思潮的方式,包含着丰富的文学批评内容。其中如反思明代复古思潮、探讨文章义例、评点与反评点等,都是清人普遍瞩目、最富时代特色的论题,充分体现了别集凡例作为一种批评方式,对文学新思潮的敏锐把握。

In the Qing Dynasty, there is a noticeable phenomenon in literary anthologies, that is, they are often prefixed with general notices. These notices are not only explanatory texts for compilation principles, stylistic rules and codification techniques, but also ways of promoting literary ideas and stirring literary trends, for they contain plentiful content of literary criticism. In these notices, there are some topics with the most distinctive features of the times that people in Qing Dynasty generally paid attention to, such as their reexamination of the trend of revivalism in the Ming Dynasty, the discussion about the example of righteousness in articles and comments and counter-comments, fully reflecting their keen grasp of the new trend of thought in literature by using general notices as a way of critique.