参与需求侧响应的空调负荷群调节控制方法及优化调度策略

A Control Strategy of Air-Conditioning Load Groups and Optimization Scheduling as Demand-side Resources Participating in Grid

目前,空调负荷参与电网需求侧管理时,负荷运行特性均按照定频空调处理,但定频空调在温度调节中即相同的温度间隔下温度区间不同时,运行状态数会发生变化。为解决此问题,本文研究了空调负荷群的分类方法,并提出空调负荷群参与电网调节的优化调度策略。针对定频空调采用设定温度控制和直接启停控制相结合的策略,有效地解决了在温度调节过程中由于运行状态数变化所引起的负荷波动问题。对于变频空调根据其运行特性分别建立了稳态、动态负荷模型,参与用户侧需求响应。基于定、变频空调的负荷模型,建立空调负荷群优化调度模型,并采用离散粒子群算法对其进行仿真分析。当参与调控的空调负荷为定值时,分别对同一削减目标下不同的调控时长、同一调控时长下的不同削减量两类情况下的5种调控策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:在同一削减目标下,调控标准偏差随着调控时段数的增加而不断增大;在同一调控时长下,调控标准偏差随着削减目标的增加也不断增大;在以上两类情况下其调控的标准偏差与削减目标的比值均小于3%,从而可以得出在同一削减目标或调控时长下,空调负荷群的最大可节约电能。因此,在一定的调节范围内,空调负荷作为需求侧资源可以有效拟合调控目标,进而负荷聚合商可利用空调负荷的调节能力制定合理的削减目标和削减时段,改善电网负荷的峰谷特性。

At present,the air-conditioning load participates in the demand side management of power grid,and the operation characteristics of the load are in accordance with the fixed frequency.Considering that under the same temperature interval,the number of status of the fixed frequency air-conditioning varies in different temperature ranges,in this paper the air-conditioning load was divided into two types,namely fixed frequency air-conditioning and variable frequency air-conditioning.And an optimal scheduling strategy for air conditioning load groups to participate in power grid regulation was proposed.To effectively solve load fluctuations caused by changes in the number of operating condition during the temperature regulation,a strategy combining the temperature control and direct on/off control was used for the fixed frequency air-conditioning.In response to the user-side demands,the steady-state and dynamic load models were established for the variable frequency air-conditioning based on their operating characteristics.Based on the load model of fixed frequency air-conditioning and variable frequency air-conditioning,discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to simulate and optimize the scheduling model.Given the air-conditioning load that participated in the demand response was fixed,five kinds of control strategies were simulated in two cases of the different regulation durations under the same reduction amount,and the different reduction amounts under the same regulation duration.The results showed that under the same reduction amount or the same regulation duration,the increasingly elevated regulation duration or reduction amount would lead to the decreased flexibility of the temperature regulation mode in each aggregate group.However,the ratios of the standard deviation of the regulation to the reduction amount were less than 3%in general,and the maximum power saving of air conditioning load group can be calculated under the same reduction amount or duration.Therefore,within a certain regulation range,the air-conditioning load as the demand side resource can fit the control target effectively.In addition,the load aggregators can achieve the reasonable load reduction amounts and reduction durations based on the regulation of the air-conditioners so as to improve the peak valley characteristics of the grid load.