落脚城市中外来人口的社会融合——基于宁波庄市社区的调研

Social Integration of Migrants in the City——Based on the Research of Ningbo Zhuang Community

基于对宁波庄市社区的田野调查和问卷数据,通过因子分析及构建模型对落脚城市中外来人口的社会融合及影响因素展开研究。结果表明:(1)庄市社区的外来人口在心理认同、文化适应层面和社会交往层面的融合程度都较低,并未真正融入城市;(2)迁入时长对社会融合的影响最为显著,呈显著的正相关关系,其次月收入、社区归属感、社会交往、社区文娱活动参与的影响较为显著,与官方互动情况对社会融合未产生较大的影响;(3)社会融合度对外来人口的社会行为具有显著影响,社会融合度越高外来人口社交圈中宁波本地人越多、定居意愿越强烈,工作稳定性对外来人口定居意愿的影响较大;(4)社区中外来人口普遍与本地人交往甚少且定居意愿不强,形成了区隔化融合现象和'内卷化'的社交模式。为推进社会融合,应保障外来人口在城市获得均等的发展机会,公平享受均等化的基本公共服务的权利,同时注重其心理文化层面的认同与融入。

Based on the field survey and questionnaire data of the Zhuang community in Ningbo,the social integration and influencing factors of the migrant population in the settled city were studied through factor analysis and construction model.The results show that:(1)the foreign population of Zhuang community has a low degree of integration in the psychological identity,cultural adaptation level and social interaction level,and does not really integrate into the city;(2)the impact of the migration time on social integration is most significant.Significant positive correlation,the impact of the next month’s income,community sense of belonging,social interaction,community entertainment activities is more significant,and the official interaction has no significant impact on social integration;(3)Social integration has a significant impact on the social behavior of the foreign population.The higher the social integration,the more local people in Ningbo in the social circle of the migrant population,the stronger the willingness to settle,and the greater the impact of the stability of work on the willingness of the foreign population to settle;(4)The migrant population in the community generally has little contact with local people and the willingness to settle is not strong,forming a social model of separation and integration and'involution'.In order to promote social integration,it is necessary to ensure that migrants have equal opportunities for development in cities,enjoy equal rights to equal basic public services,and pay attention to their identification and integration at the psychological and cultural level.