The formation of glass: a quantitative perspective

玻璃形成:定量预测研究（英文）

In constant use since ancient times, glass remains a highly valued material that is ubiquitous in daily life. Today, glass has become an indispensable and essential component in such fields as photonics, optical communications, photovoltaic cells, household appliances, vehicles, and building materials. However, one of major stumbling blocks for its optimal use is the low glass-forming ability(GFA) of many glass-forming compositions, which is far from being adequately solved. Understanding the nature of the GFAs of materials is the key to the development of new glasses with improved properties and manufacturability for various engineering applications. The rapid development of new glasses over the past several decades has led to increasingly complex material compositions. However, the phase diagrams of these materials have yet to be properly addressed even though such diagrams are extremely useful in rationally designing glass-forming compositions and predicting their behavior in pursuit of new functional glasses with particular desired properties. In this context, the present review strives to provide new insights into the formation of glasses and glass-forming regions through quantitative calculations and predictions based on a comprehensive survey and analysis of the existing experimental observations and theoretical considerations, a considerable portion of which stems from work performed in our own laboratory.

自古以来玻璃被广泛使用,目前仍然是人类生活中无处不在的最有价值材料.然而,对众多材料而言,较低的玻璃形成能力和玻璃形成区是困扰玻璃广泛而更好应用的难题.深入研究和阐明玻璃形成能力的本质是发展应用新玻璃的关键所在.新材料发展很快且组成愈加复杂,然而在新玻璃研究中缺乏相关相图资料.目前玻璃科学研究往往通过大量实验才获得一些数据,需要的人、财、物力巨大且效率低下.本文从玻璃科学基础问题出发综述了玻璃形成和玻璃形成区的最新进展,通过探讨玻璃结构与性能、玻璃形成与玻璃形成区计算和预测,建立了一些简便、快速、具有预测性的研究方法,并对玻璃形成和玻璃形成区从定性的理解到定量的预测研究和未来的发展趋势与努力的方向作了进一步的远景展望.